"perusal" meaning in All languages combined

See perusal on Wiktionary

Noun [English]

IPA: /pəˈɹuːzl̩/ Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-perusal.wav [Southern-England] Forms: perusals [plural]
Rhymes: -uːzəl Etymology: Etymology tree English peruse Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- Proto-Indo-European *-is Proto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.? Proto-Italic *-ālis Latin -ālisbor. Old French -albor. ▲ Latin -ālis Old French -elbor. ▲ Latin -ālisbor. Middle English -al English -al English perusal From peruse + -al. Etymology templates: {{ety|en|:af|peruse|-al<id:nominal>|text=+|tree=1}} Etymology tree English peruse Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- Proto-Indo-European *-is Proto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.? Proto-Italic *-ālis Latin -ālisbor. Old French -albor. ▲ Latin -ālis Old French -elbor. ▲ Latin -ālisbor. Middle English -al English -al English perusal [Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from", "terms" : [ { "id" : "forming adjectives", "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "bor.", "keyword_label" : "Borrowed from", "terms" : [ { "id" : "adjectivizing suffix", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "der.", "is_uncertain" : true, "keyword_label" : "Derived from", "terms" : [ { "alt" : "*h₂élis", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "status" : "inline", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "grow", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*h₂el-", "lang" : "ine-pro" }, { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-is", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "term" : "*-ālis", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-ālis", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword" : "bor" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Old French", "term" : "-al", "lang" : "fro" }, { "id" : "adjective", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "is_duplicate" : true, "children" : [ ], "id" : "adjectivizing suffix", "status" : { "1" : "la", "2" : ":inh", "3" : "itc-pro:*-ālis", "id" : "adjectivizing suffix", "title" : "-ālis", "pos" : "suffix" }, "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-ālis", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Old French", "term" : "-el", "lang" : "fro" }, { "is_duplicate" : true, "children" : [ ], "id" : "adjectivizing suffix", "status" : { "1" : "la", "2" : ":inh", "3" : "itc-pro:*-ālis", "id" : "adjectivizing suffix", "title" : "-ālis", "pos" : "suffix" }, "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-ālis", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword" : "bor" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Middle English", "term" : "-al", "lang" : "enm" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "English", "term" : "-al", "lang" : "en" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "English", "term" : "perusal", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "en" }" data-lang="en" data-title="perusal"> From peruse + -al. Head templates: {{en-noun|~}} perusal (countable and uncountable, plural perusals)
  1. The act or process of perusing, or an instance of it.
    Studying something carefully; a careful study.
    Tags: countable, uncountable Translations (studying something carefully): изучаване (izučavane) [neuter] (Bulgarian), tutkiminen (Finnish), huolellinen lukeminen (Finnish), tarkastelu (Finnish), μελετώ προσεκτικά (meletó prosektiká) (Greek), lestur [masculine] (Icelandic), pellectiō [feminine] (Latin), рассмотре́ние (rassmotrénije) [neuter] (Russian), рассма́тривание (rassmátrivanije) [neuter] (Russian), осмо́тр (osmótr) [masculine] (Russian), прочте́ние (pročténije) [neuter] (Russian), чте́ние (čténije) (english: reading) [neuter] (Russian), изуче́ние (izučénije) (english: study) [neuter] (Russian), иссле́дование (isslédovanije) (english: research) [neuter] (Russian), перлюстра́ция (perljustrácija) [feminine] (Russian), escrutinio [masculine] (Spanish), lectura atenta [feminine] (Spanish), lectura cuidadosa [feminine] (Spanish)
    Sense id: en-perusal-en-noun-oALJKD2p Categories (other): English entries referencing missing etymons, English entries with etymology texts, English entries with etymology trees, English entries with etymon, English entries with incorrect language header, English terms suffixed with -al (nominal), Entries with translation boxes, Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Pages with etymology trees, Pages with etymon, Terms with Bulgarian translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with Greek translations, Terms with Icelandic translations, Terms with Latin translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Spanish translations Disambiguation of English entries referencing missing etymons: 50 50 Disambiguation of English entries with etymology texts: 50 50 Disambiguation of English entries with etymology trees: 50 50 Disambiguation of English entries with etymon: 50 50 Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 50 50 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -al (nominal): 49 51 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 51 49 Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 52 48 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 52 48 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 53 47 Disambiguation of Pages with etymology trees: 53 47 Disambiguation of Pages with etymon: 53 47 Disambiguation of Terms with Bulgarian translations: 51 49 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 51 49 Disambiguation of Terms with Greek translations: 50 50 Disambiguation of Terms with Icelandic translations: 51 49 Disambiguation of Terms with Latin translations: 51 49 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 51 49 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 52 48 Disambiguation of 'studying something carefully': 99 1
  2. The act or process of perusing, or an instance of it.
    Giving something a cursory scan; a cursory scan.
    Tags: countable, uncountable
    Sense id: en-perusal-en-noun-pODh2DzG Categories (other): English entries referencing missing etymons, English entries with etymology texts, English entries with etymology trees, English entries with etymon, English entries with incorrect language header, English terms suffixed with -al (nominal), Entries with translation boxes, Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Pages with etymology trees, Pages with etymon, Terms with Bulgarian translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with Greek translations, Terms with Icelandic translations, Terms with Latin translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Spanish translations Disambiguation of English entries referencing missing etymons: 50 50 Disambiguation of English entries with etymology texts: 50 50 Disambiguation of English entries with etymology trees: 50 50 Disambiguation of English entries with etymon: 50 50 Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 50 50 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -al (nominal): 49 51 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 51 49 Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 52 48 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 52 48 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 53 47 Disambiguation of Pages with etymology trees: 53 47 Disambiguation of Pages with etymon: 53 47 Disambiguation of Terms with Bulgarian translations: 51 49 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 51 49 Disambiguation of Terms with Greek translations: 50 50 Disambiguation of Terms with Icelandic translations: 51 49 Disambiguation of Terms with Latin translations: 51 49 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 51 49 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 52 48
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: reperusal

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "reperusal"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":af",
        "3": "peruse",
        "4": "-al<id:nominal>",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nEnglish peruse\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish perusal\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₂élis\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"grow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂el-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-is\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ālis\", \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"title\" : \"-ālis\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-el\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ālis\", \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"title\" : \"-ālis\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"perusal\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"perusal\">\nFrom peruse + -al.",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nEnglish peruse\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish perusal\nFrom peruse + -al.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "perusals",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "perusal (countable and uncountable, plural perusals)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries referencing missing etymons",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with etymology texts",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "49 51",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -al (nominal)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "51 49",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Entries with translation boxes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "53 47",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "53 47",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "53 47",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "51 49",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "51 49",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Greek translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "51 49",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "51 49",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Latin translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "51 49",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Russian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              53,
              60
            ]
          ],
          "text": "Please find attached the relevant documents for your perusal.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              81,
              88
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1755 April 15, Samuel Johnson, “Preface”, in A Dictionary of the English Language:",
          "text": "Having therefore no assistance but from general grammar, I applied myself to the perusal of our writers;",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              162,
              169
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1913, Robert Barr, chapter 5, in Lord Stranleigh Abroad:",
          "text": "These were business hours, and a feeling of loneliness crept over him, perhaps germinated by his sight of the illustrated papers, and accentuated by an attempted perusal of them.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The act or process of perusing, or an instance of it.",
        "Studying something carefully; a careful study."
      ],
      "id": "en-perusal-en-noun-oALJKD2p",
      "links": [
        [
          "perusing",
          "perusing"
        ],
        [
          "Studying",
          "studying"
        ],
        [
          "study",
          "study#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "lang_code": "bg",
          "roman": "izučavane",
          "sense": "studying something carefully",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "изучаване"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "lang_code": "fi",
          "sense": "studying something carefully",
          "word": "tutkiminen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "lang_code": "fi",
          "sense": "studying something carefully",
          "word": "huolellinen lukeminen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "lang_code": "fi",
          "sense": "studying something carefully",
          "word": "tarkastelu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "lang_code": "el",
          "roman": "meletó prosektiká",
          "sense": "studying something carefully",
          "word": "μελετώ προσεκτικά"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "lang_code": "is",
          "sense": "studying something carefully",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "lestur"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "lang_code": "la",
          "sense": "studying something carefully",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "pellectiō"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "lang_code": "ru",
          "roman": "rassmotrénije",
          "sense": "studying something carefully",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "рассмотре́ние"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "lang_code": "ru",
          "roman": "rassmátrivanije",
          "sense": "studying something carefully",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "рассма́тривание"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "lang_code": "ru",
          "roman": "osmótr",
          "sense": "studying something carefully",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "осмо́тр"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "lang_code": "ru",
          "roman": "pročténije",
          "sense": "studying something carefully",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "прочте́ние"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "ru",
          "english": "reading",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "lang_code": "ru",
          "roman": "čténije",
          "sense": "studying something carefully",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "translation": "reading",
          "word": "чте́ние"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "ru",
          "english": "study",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "lang_code": "ru",
          "roman": "izučénije",
          "sense": "studying something carefully",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "translation": "study",
          "word": "изуче́ние"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "ru",
          "english": "research",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "lang_code": "ru",
          "roman": "isslédovanije",
          "sense": "studying something carefully",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "translation": "research",
          "word": "иссле́дование"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "lang_code": "ru",
          "roman": "perljustrácija",
          "sense": "studying something carefully",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "перлюстра́ция"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "lang_code": "es",
          "sense": "studying something carefully",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "escrutinio"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "lang_code": "es",
          "sense": "studying something carefully",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "lectura atenta"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "lang_code": "es",
          "sense": "studying something carefully",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "lectura cuidadosa"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries referencing missing etymons",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with etymology texts",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "49 51",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -al (nominal)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "51 49",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Entries with translation boxes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "53 47",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "53 47",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "53 47",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "51 49",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "51 49",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Greek translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "51 49",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "51 49",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Latin translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "51 49",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Russian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The act or process of perusing, or an instance of it.",
        "Giving something a cursory scan; a cursory scan."
      ],
      "id": "en-perusal-en-noun-pODh2DzG",
      "links": [
        [
          "perusing",
          "perusing"
        ],
        [
          "cursory",
          "cursory"
        ],
        [
          "scan",
          "scan#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/pəˈɹuːzl̩/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-perusal.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-perusal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-perusal.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-perusal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-perusal.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-uːzəl"
    }
  ],
  "word": "perusal"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English contranyms",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries referencing missing etymons",
    "English entries with etymology texts",
    "English entries with etymology trees",
    "English entries with etymon",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂el- (grow)",
    "English terms suffixed with -al (nominal)",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymology trees",
    "Pages with etymon",
    "Rhymes:English/uːzəl",
    "Rhymes:English/uːzəl/3 syllables",
    "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with Greek translations",
    "Terms with Icelandic translations",
    "Terms with Latin translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "reperusal"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":af",
        "3": "peruse",
        "4": "-al<id:nominal>",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nEnglish peruse\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish perusal\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₂élis\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"grow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂el-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-is\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ālis\", \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"title\" : \"-ālis\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-el\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ālis\", \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"title\" : \"-ālis\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"perusal\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"perusal\">\nFrom peruse + -al.",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nEnglish peruse\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish perusal\nFrom peruse + -al.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "perusals",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "perusal (countable and uncountable, plural perusals)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              53,
              60
            ]
          ],
          "text": "Please find attached the relevant documents for your perusal.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              81,
              88
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1755 April 15, Samuel Johnson, “Preface”, in A Dictionary of the English Language:",
          "text": "Having therefore no assistance but from general grammar, I applied myself to the perusal of our writers;",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              162,
              169
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1913, Robert Barr, chapter 5, in Lord Stranleigh Abroad:",
          "text": "These were business hours, and a feeling of loneliness crept over him, perhaps germinated by his sight of the illustrated papers, and accentuated by an attempted perusal of them.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The act or process of perusing, or an instance of it.",
        "Studying something carefully; a careful study."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "perusing",
          "perusing"
        ],
        [
          "Studying",
          "studying"
        ],
        [
          "study",
          "study#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The act or process of perusing, or an instance of it.",
        "Giving something a cursory scan; a cursory scan."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "perusing",
          "perusing"
        ],
        [
          "cursory",
          "cursory"
        ],
        [
          "scan",
          "scan#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/pəˈɹuːzl̩/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-perusal.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-perusal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-perusal.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-perusal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-perusal.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-uːzəl"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "lang_code": "bg",
      "roman": "izučavane",
      "sense": "studying something carefully",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "изучаване"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "studying something carefully",
      "word": "tutkiminen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "studying something carefully",
      "word": "huolellinen lukeminen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "studying something carefully",
      "word": "tarkastelu"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "lang_code": "el",
      "roman": "meletó prosektiká",
      "sense": "studying something carefully",
      "word": "μελετώ προσεκτικά"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "lang_code": "is",
      "sense": "studying something carefully",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "lestur"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "lang_code": "la",
      "sense": "studying something carefully",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "pellectiō"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "roman": "rassmotrénije",
      "sense": "studying something carefully",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "рассмотре́ние"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "roman": "rassmátrivanije",
      "sense": "studying something carefully",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "рассма́тривание"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "roman": "osmótr",
      "sense": "studying something carefully",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "осмо́тр"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "roman": "pročténije",
      "sense": "studying something carefully",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "прочте́ние"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "english": "reading",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "roman": "čténije",
      "sense": "studying something carefully",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "translation": "reading",
      "word": "чте́ние"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "english": "study",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "roman": "izučénije",
      "sense": "studying something carefully",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "translation": "study",
      "word": "изуче́ние"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "english": "research",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "roman": "isslédovanije",
      "sense": "studying something carefully",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "translation": "research",
      "word": "иссле́дование"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "roman": "perljustrácija",
      "sense": "studying something carefully",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "перлюстра́ция"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense": "studying something carefully",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "escrutinio"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense": "studying something carefully",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "lectura atenta"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense": "studying something carefully",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "lectura cuidadosa"
    }
  ],
  "word": "perusal"
}

Download raw JSONL data for perusal meaning in All languages combined (9.3kB)

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/2013",
  "msg": "more than one value in \"roman\": perlustration vs. perljustrácija",
  "path": [
    "perusal"
  ],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "perusal",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.